On Feb. 18, 2025, federal Judge Randolph D. Moss granted the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) — an entity led by Elon Musk and his associates — access to student loan and financial aid data.

Just a few weeks into his administration, President Donald J. Trump issued an order to cap indirect funding for National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants at 15 percent, resulting in a cut of billions ...