Machines and processes are controlled using many strategies, from simple ladder logic to custom algorithms for specialized process control, but proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is the most ...

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

New ISA technical report distills thousands of pages of PID references for improving process performance. Even though controllers using the proportionalintegral-derivative (PID) algorithm have been ...