Physicists have known for decades that particles called gluons keep protons and neutrons intact—and thereby hold the universe together. Yet the details of how gluons function remain surprisingly ...

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties. It is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. (Image: M ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. The story of our cosmic history is one of an expanding and cooling ...

This video explores the fundamental components of an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, challenging the traditional model that depicts electrons as orbiting the nucleus. It highlights ...

Explore the fascinating world of atoms in this 3D animated video. Discover the structure of atoms, including protons, ...

Figure 1: Electron flux as a function of longitude in different L shells for the period 4–14 January 2013. Figure 2: Dependence of an electron’s drift path on its altitude and L shell. Figure 3: ...

The stuff of daily existence is made of atoms, and all those atoms are made of the same three things: electrons, protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are very similar particles in most respects.

Inside the nucleus of some atoms, protons appear to be doing very unexpected things. They are pairing up far more often than usual when they get extremely close to each other, and physicists don’t ...

There are few things in the Universe that are as easy to form, in theory, as black holes are. Bring enough mass into a compact volume and it gets more and more difficult to gravitationally escape from ...