Microbial systems offer distinct advantages in protein expression, saving costs and time, and offering well-characterized host genetics and ease of scale-up. 2 However, challenges remain in process ...

In industrial engineering, digital twins—computer models of systems or processes—let scientists try out ideas before finalizing designs. In addition, on the factory floor, twins can model processes in ...

Designing an efficient platform is crucial for any industrial process. This design process is known as process development, and it has become increasingly important in the pharmaceutical industry at ...

Process development is the exercise of creating new and improved manufacturing methods, optimizing them in terms of time and financial efficiency while maintaining regulatory compliance and product ...

Dynamic optimisation and model predictive control (MPC) are at the forefront of modern process systems engineering, offering robust methodologies to address the challenges posed by time-varying ...