Introduction Have you ever heard anyone say the chance of something happening is “50–50”? What does that actually mean? This phrase has something to do with probability. Probability tells you how ...

PROF. USPENSKY'S treatise on mathematical probability is a very comprehensive one and includes every theoretical aspect of the subject, with several chapters on modern developments. Only those ...

"Yes or no: was there once life on Mars?" I can't say. "What about intelligent life?"' That seems most unlikely, but again, I can't really say. The simple yes-or-no framework has no place for shadings ...