Critics argue that the change is merely political theater, distracting from broader public health rollbacks, including cuts to food safety and pollution protections.

Coca-Cola Co. will launch a new product made with US cane sugar this fall, which may increase demand for a type of sugar US farmers can’t fully supply.

Eliminating high-fructose corn syrup from the American food supply is a priority of the Make America Healthy Again Commission, which was formed after Robert F. Kennedy Jr. became the health and human...